Resumo. ABSTRACT The present study aimed to associate presence of diseases with sleep quality in elderly women who engage in physical exercises. A total of 146 senior women (69.58±6.22 years old) with this profile were investigated. The research was developed through the application of questionnaires covering sociodemographic data and health perception, in addition to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed by means of the independent t-test, comparing sleep quality between groups, as well as the chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and binary logistic regression to identify diseases associated with poor sleep quality and their respective odds ratio and confidence interval. Results showed high prevalence of low sleep quality in this population (n=79, rf=56.4%). Elderly women with arthrosis, depression, diabetes, heart disease, fibromyalgia, gastritis and urinary incontinence had a significantly worse sleep quality compared to the other ones. Moreover, sleep quality has proven to be associated with arthrosis, diabetes and heart disease, and those who have them are 3.4 times more likely to present poor sleep quality.