Resumo. The conversion of natural vegetation to cultivated areas as well as changes in vegetation cover can lead to changes in some soil properties, interfering on their quality. Such changes occur in the soil structure and in the chemical properties. Therefore, the study has the objective to evaluate the changes in the physical and chemical properties of an Ultisol after afforestation of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden planted in different spacing resulting in several plant populations. The study was accomplished in ‘Campanha Gaúcha’ region, in São Francisco de Assis city, Rio Grande do Sul state (RS). It was carried out an experiment planted with Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden planted on Ultisol with native grass. The plant spacings used were: 3,50 m x 3,50 m; 3,50 m x 1,75 m; 1,75 m 1,75 m and 1,75 m x 0,87 m. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with four replicates. It was collected soil samples were taken before the Eucalyptus planting and after twelve months, and layers of 0,00-0,10 m; 0,10-0,20 m and 0,20-0,40 m. The soil physical properties measured were: bulk density, total, macro and microporosity and wet aggregate size distribution. The soil chemical measured were: water pH, Al+++, Ca++, Mg++, K+, available P, N and C. There were change in the macro and microporosity, in the percentage of stable aggregates of size class 8,00-4,75 mm and DMG because to soil tillage and forest management. For the chemical properties there were increase in the pH and Ca content in the soil after twelve months by effect to fertilization applied.