Resumo. The establishment of maté plants propagated by seeds with no genetic selection of mother trees can lead to low product productivity and quality, and the use of selected clones can be an alternative for overcoming this problem. This study aimed to evaluate the survival, growth and productivity of maté plantations established in a field with plants propagated by seeds and by mini-cuttings. Four treatments were used: control (plants propagated by seeds) and three provenances propagated by the mini-cutting technique at the progeny level (Bituruna, Cruz Machado and São Mateus do Sul, Paraná state, Brazil). There were evaluated the survival for 12 months, growth for 24 months and productivity at three and five years after planting. The propagation methods and provenances did not influence the survival, obtaining the average of 90 % for this feature 12 months after planting. The height and diameter were similar among provenances over 24 months, with only Bituruna provenance significantly lower in terms of height. The second harvest production was, on average, seven times higher than the first one for all provenances. In the second harvest, plants propagated by the mini-cutting technique produced more than the ones propagated by seeds. The propagation of maté by mini-cuttings of juvenile propagules proves to be appropriate because the highest commercial, leaf and total biomass yield. Maté plantations established with plants propagated by mini-cuttings produce more leaves and twigs and less thick branches, in relation to seed propagated plants.