Resumo. The survival of business in a scenario of accelerated globalization and increasing competition depends on its degree of competitiveness of the business. In this aspect, the comparison among the world’s best standards is fundamental for the improvement of industrial and commercial practices. Canada is an excellent example and parameter to use as a comparison in the Softwood Lumber industry with Brazil ́s industry. The aim of this paper was to compare and to explain the competitive Softwood Lumber markets between Brazil and Canada. For this purpose, the methodologies used were: Index of Revealed Comparative Advantage and Regression Analysis for comparison and explanation of competitiveness, respectively. The results indicated that, besides Canada being more competitive than Brazil, the Brazilian competitiveness in the market for softwood lumber is more dependent on the exchange rate.