Resumo. Aiming to provide basis for the establishment of Attalea phalerata sustainable harvesting management plan, the results of the evaluation of the population structure and its respective natural regeneration potential are presented. Based on the obtained data, it was evaluated the potential capacity of fruit and oil yielding, related to the studied area. The research was performed in a 1ha plot representative of Acuri Dense Forest, located at RPPN SESC PANTANAL (Barão de Melgaço Mun., Mato Grosso state, Brazil). A total of 1164 individuals were registered, being 462 representatives of reproductive adults and 209 representatives of immature adults. 123 individuals were included as young and 370 as seedlings. The population had an inverted- J age structure, characteristic of stable populations with constant regeneration potentiality. The minimum immediate potential productivity was ca. 323 up to 970 Kg ha-1 for the mesocarp oil and 370 up to 601 Kg ha-1 for the kernel oil. The maximum immediate potential productivity was ca. 970 up to 2910 Kg ha-1 for the mesocarp oil and 1109 up to 1802 Kg ha-1 for kernel oil.