Resumo. The installation of dental implants brings significant improvements in patient's quality of life, causing the demand for these procedures to increase. This growth results from the increasing use of innovative technologies in oral care. Since the 1970s, dental implants have continuously evolved, both in terms of shape and surface treatments. This evolution aims to improve osseointegration, an essential process for implant success, and prevent complications such as peri-implantitis. A necessary part of this evolutionary process is surface treatment on dental implants. This treatment improves implant surfaces' physical and chemical properties, promoting a more efficient interaction between the implant and surrounding tissues. To achieve this goal, modifications are made to the texture, composition, and characteristics of the implant surface. In this context, this study aims to identify the research gaps related to surface treatment on dental implants. To this end, a literature review was performed in the Scopus database using specific search terms related to this topic. The 20 most cited articles from 2017 to 2023, which address the main research trends in this area, were selected for analysis. The theoretical contribution of this study is to systematize the current research trends on the surface treatment of dental implants. This provides a better understanding of existing treatments and their limitations and presents ongoing studies that aim to overcome them. Furthermore, the research highlights studies under development, both in vitro and in vivo, that seek to apply scientific advances in clinical practice to improve implant outcomes. This applied contribution is relevant, as it can positively impact clinical practice and benefit patients.