Resumo. The emergence of industrialized agriculture, showing its forms of degradation, characterizes the process of economic globalization and its articulation with neoliberalism, which it is accepted to conceptualize as a “risk society” in the current information age of capitalism. Thus, once established the forms of degradation of natural resources, added to the new and historical mechanisms of social exploitation, to characterize agroecology and the role it can play in the reconstruction of family farming. The objective of the research is to explain about the role of agroecology in the results of the modernity of agriculture, as it results in deterioration actions with natural resources. This study will consist of a bibliographical approach, using scientific articles to compose the theoretical basis on the application of agroecology in family farming. Originating in a descriptive and explanatory research on modernity and its impacts on agriculture, which needs the action of agroecology to carry out a social and political movement on agriculture in an ecological way. The objective of this study demonstrates that the agroecological movement is a form of transformation for family farming, the science and techniques of agroecology contribute to incorporating new sustainable production forms, with agroecology as a way to maintain natural resources and soil for work human and its productions, making these productions a sustainable future and demonstrating the importance of social concern with the globalization of the world on agriculture.