Resumo. Caatinga, the predominant vegetation type of the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil, is composed by plants showing efficient mechanisms to keep them in the ecosystem. The herbaceous, bush and tree strata provide food for animals and several products for human use, and supply seedbank with propagules to assure plant recovery. The objective of this study was to compare seedbank density, composition and diversity of three sites with different vegetation physiognomies: craibeira plantation site (A1), degraded site (A2) and juremas + sabia plantation site (A3), located at the Nupeárido Experimental Station/Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos, PB state, Brazil. Five litterfal + soil samples were collected in each site and taken to the Forest Nursery of UFCG Campus in Patos and kept under a 50% solar radiation reduction plastic screen and a daily manual irrigation regimen, where they were observed during 90 days for counting and identification of the emerging seedlings. Plantule density for each site was compared by the χ2 test (P<0.05). Plant diversity and species richness were evaluated by Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Pielou Uniformity (e”) indexes, respectively. Herb species predominated in seedbank of all sites, and the number of seeds of tree species increased in the craibeira plantation site resulting from the prolonged presence of animals attracted by the thermal comfort under tree canopy.