Resumo. Two new species of Syagrus Mart. (Arecaceae) from Brazil are described and illustrated in this article: first, Syagrus pompeoi K. Soares & R. Pimenta, a species related to Syagrus procumbens Noblick & Lorenzi, from which it differs by having a caespitose habit, by the greater length of the rachis of leaves (33-50 cm), more pinnae on each side (8-15), leaflet almost membranaceous with many transverse ribs visible, as well as longer inflorescence peduncle (10 to 18 cm). The second one, Syagrus santosii K. Soares & C. A. Guim., related to Syagrus schyzophylla (Mart.) Becc., from which it differs by having larger fruit (2.9 to 4.6 x 2.6 to 3.8 cm), with epicarp and mesocarp usually split at the apex when ripe, bigger endocarp (2.7 to 4.2 x 2.4 to 3 cm) with homogeneous endosperm, greater amount of pinnae on each side of the leaf and larger pistillate flowers.