Resumo. This article presents an overview of the aspects of mycorrhizas and their use in forest species and bioremediation. The information gathered from the literature had already indicated that ectomycorrhizal fungi may be very important to stimulate the growth of seedlings and trees. As for bioremediation, these fungi are promising in the ability to degrade pollutants in contaminated soils. In this sense, the benefits and uses of these microorganisms, and the characteristics of ectomycorrhizae (ECM) are presented herein, which are promising for use in these processes. Also, information on the potential use of ECM for the remediation of persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals is presented, as well as some results already searched. It is shown that internationally, the focus of the research on mycorrhizae has occurred with new perspectives, beyond the conventional use to stimulate plant growth.