Resumo. Trichocomaceae family encompasses the greatest anamorphic fungi genera: Aspergillus and Penicillium. Many from this family have been causing food degradation, biodeterioration, animal pathologies, and some species have also been used in biotechnology as well as being responsible for mycotoxins production. This survey was carried out from 2006 to 2007 on approximately 20 years old Pinus (Pinus elliottii) and Corymbia (Corymbia citriodora) two plantation areas at Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. At each litter area, around 500 m2, parcel was set up where 10 single samples at 70 days interval were randomly sampled. Soil temperatures by digital geothermometer at sampling point time were measured. Pluviometric precipitation annual environmental temperature during the research were also quantified. Soil temperature ranging from 21.93 to 27.69 C at pinus area as well as from 22.22 to 26.58 oC at Corymbia one was reported. The monthly minimum relative humidity was 27.2/20.5 and maximum 82.6/63.2 as well as greatest precipitation levels for 22 days in January was observed. In relation to mycobiota, an increasing colony unit formation (CFU) difference at highest temperature and relative humidity ranging from 12.8 to 58.2 and 20.3 to 83.3 x 103 for Corymbia and pinus was reported. Fungi records total number presented 190 isolated ones from five genera and 54 different species: 32 Penicillium spp., 19 Aspergillus spp., one Eupenicillium javanicu, one Eurotium chevalieri and one Sclerocleista ornate, at all. The most abundant species was Penicillium decumbens, found in all samples. The periods of greatest concentration of CFU are correlated with periods of rain, humidity and temperature. Climatic variables as precipitation and temperature have been the elements which influenced the soil mycobiota changing the most.