Resumo. ABSTRACT This study addressed the sustainable forest management of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and evaluated the technical and economic viability of producing fruits of jatoba in southern Goiás. In the first step it was mapped and georeferenced 931 trees in the genus Hymenaea at Campestre de Goiás, GO state, Nazario, GO state and Trindade, GO state. In a second step, it was estimated the coefficients of production and technical data collected by the producer as to the costs in the production of seed and flour. The production cost was R$ 54,06.kg -1 and the sales price was R$ 67,58.kg -1 . The analysis of the economic viability of jatoba plantations and the implementation of a “Agroind ú stria Rural de Pequeno Porte (ARPP)” (Small Rural Agricultural Industry), indicated that from the economic evaluation criteria VPL (Net Present Value), TIR (Internal Return Rate), B/C (Benefit-cost analysis) and VAE (Equivalent Annual Value), it is viable to use the fruits in both scenarios as long as the management practices and conservation strategies encourage the sustainable production, providing economic resources while simultaneously promotes the conservation of the jatoba genetic resources.